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Earth's and it's crust's composition - Minerals

Earth is not a single rock or monolith, Earth comprises of variety of minerals, compounds, rock and landforms. Landforms are an essential feature of the Earth's crust. The most abundant elements found in Earth are Iron, Oxygen and Silicon, the outer layer of the Earth's crust is made of lighter materials like Silicates, Aluminium; whereas heavy and dense elements make the core. Minerals: They are the naturally occurring compounds and they are the building block of earth, mineral is essentially inorganic in origin and crystalline. Earth has variety of minerals like silicates, carbonate, sulphates, halide, oxides, sulphides etc. The most abundant mineral of the crust are silicates. Silicates Types : The types of silicates are mentioned below Properties  : Some facts and properties are mentioned below- From Quartz to Muscovite are non-ferro magnesium silicates . From Amphibloe to Olivine are  ferro magnesium silicates . Biotite is a transition betwe...
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Wayu, current affairs 2018 for upsc

Wind Augmentation Purifying Unit Union Minister for Science & Technology and Earth Sciences and Environment, Forest and Climate change, Dr. Harsh Vardhan inaugurated air pollution control device,  Wind Augmentation Purifying Unit or WAYU is developed by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Environmental Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI) and is funded by DST. Some of it's important features are- This prototype device that has been indigenously developed has the capacity to purify air in an area of 500 meter square. The device consumes only half a unit of electricity for 10 hours of running and has a maintenance cost of only Rs. 1500 per month. The device works on two principles mainly Wind generation for dilution of air pollutants and Active Pollutants removal. The device has filters for Particulate Matter removal and activated carbon (charcoal) and UV lamps for poisonous gases removal such as VOCs and Carbon Monoxide. The device has one fan and fi...

Geological Timescale

Given below is a Geological timescale and some related facts Some basic facts: Cambrian and Ordovician is the age if invertebrates, it is also referred to as Cambrian explosion. Silurian and Devonian is the age of fish. Carboniferous and Permian is the age of amphibian. Mesozoic is the age of reptiles. Cenozoic is the age of mammals. Homonoids were present before 3-4 million years ago in Pleistocene period. We now live in Anthropocene times, this is the time from which man started having an impact on Earth. Geological Events: Oldest crust on Earth was formed in Hadean times i.e before Archean times. In Archean times some of the oldest and important mountains were formed like Aravallis and Eastern Ghats etc. Vindhyan range was formed in Proterozoic times. Silurian and Devonian phase are also called Caledonian phase as in this time period Caledonian mountains were formed like Scottish Highlands (England), Appalachians (USA), Kjolen mountains (Norway) etc. Perm...

The origin of the Earth

There are various theories that deals with the formation of Earth and some of the important ones are mentioned below Planetesimal Theory: Widely accepted theory of planet formation, the so-called planetesimal hypotheses, the Chamberlin–Moulton planetesimal hypothesis and that of Viktor Safronov, states that planets form out of cosmic dust grains that collide and stick to form larger and larger bodies. Nebular hypothesis:   Developed by Immanuel Kant and modifies by Laplace. According to the nebular hypothesis, stars/planets form in massive and dense clouds of dust and gasses called giant molecular clouds (GMC) which collapse under gravity. Laplace added to it that heaviest matter collapse to the core and other material gets arranged outside depending on their density, i.e more dense the material more it's near to the core. Tidal  hypothesis: Developed by Jean and Jeffrey. This theory says that all planes are made from the ejected material of Sun. It states th...